Al-Fil, the Elephant, is the name of Sura 105, al-Fil 105:1
It is interpreted as refering to the Muslim legend of Abraha, king of Yemen, marching with elephants against Mecca in order to destroy the Kaaba. This supposedly happened in 570 AD, and the year of this incident is called "The Year of the Elephant" in Arab historiography.
However, there are major problems regarding the credibility of this story, many of which are listed in this article.