• of Man

  • Adam and Eve expelled from Paradise and fall to earth, al-A`raf 7:22-23

  • deceived by Satan, al-A`raf 7:19-21

  • Note: In Muslim thinking, the Fall is physical. Nothing is said about the change in nature of Adam, neither the tree of life, nor death as a punishment for man's sin.

  The article The Fall of the Human Race provides a detailed discussion regarding this foundational issue.

• of Satan (Iblis), al-Baqarah 2:34; al-A`raf 7:11-12; al-Hijr 15:30-33; bani Isra'il 17:61; al-Kahf 18:50; Ta Ha 20:116; Sad 38:71-76. Compare al-A`raf 7:11-12 with Gospel of Bartholomew, written in the 3rd Century A.D. :

  But the devil said: Suffer me, and I will tell thee how I was cast down into this place and how the Lord did make man.... And when I came from the ends of the earth Michael said: Worship thou the image of God, which he hath made according to his likeness. But I said: I am fire of fire, I was the first angel formed, and shall worship clay and matter? And Michael saith to me: Worship, lest God be wroth with thee. But I said to him: God will not be wroth with me; but I will set my throne over against his throne, and I will be as he is. Then was God wroth with me and cast me down, having commanded the windows of heaven to be opened. (Gospel of Bartholomew 4:52,54-55)

• al-Baqarah 2:30-38; al-A`raf 7:11-25; Ta Ha 20:115-124

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